Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. AQ` n&
Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ
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As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! v0E H+1Q` d
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Zf d1 a. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. %%EOF
The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Most African . a. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9
k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. 482 0 obj
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In . What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. hb```lRB Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Total: 129 a. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. But why werent there any tuskless males?. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. endstream
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<. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. endstream
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Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Introduction This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. II. 0
As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Video Activity 7. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Answers may vary. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. 292 0 obj
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Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. 3. a. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. endstream
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But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. 2. Key Concepts. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by 415 0 obj
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Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . 7. 0
Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. View details . %%EOF
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This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Answers may vary. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. %%EOF
elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. 316 0 obj
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