how many press secretaries did clinton have

Nonetheless, Comey said, it is highly likely the lawyers missed some work-related emails, and that the FBI later found some of them. (Most emails were retroactively deemed to contain classified information by the U.S. agencies from which the information originated.). The President and the press meet specifically for the President to respond to press questions. [3]:80 Photographers were not permitted to be closer than 12 feet (3.7m) of FDR, or 30 feet (9.1m) in larger events. [3]:13 President Cleveland's successor, William McKinley, kept Cortelyou on during the transition and later formally named him private secretary to the president, though he had been informally doing the job for some time prior. As Comey noted, they used header information and search terms to try to find all work-related emails. Baron, the former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that what Clinton described is what should have been done. We now know from the FBI investigation that: At his July 5 press conference, Comeyannounced his office will not recommend that charges be brought against Clinton or her staff. The White House became a distinct beat for the press, and presidents began to hold regular meetings with reporters. [3]:42 The term "White House spokesman" was used extensively for the first time during the Coolidge administration, as press conference rules mandated that reporters could attribute quotes or statements only to a "White House spokesman" and not directly to the president himself. The rate of turnover among senior-level executive branch staff can have a serious impact on the day-to-day performance of the White Houseand shape the very nature of a presidency. 4Two press secretaries served a month or less in the post. the evening and Mr. Lockhart makes his way home, he often reflects on his [1] As of April 2020, the White House press secretary is Kayleigh McEnany. ALSO SEE: Table showing length of time in days from presidents taking office until their first solo news conference. Secretary, and today the position still reflects his ideas and influence. The typical reader or viewer is clueless. What are some unusual animals that have lived in and around the White House? An FBI investigation into former Secretary of State Hillary Clintons mishandling of classified information resulted in no criminal charges, but it revealed that Clinton and her campaign made statements in the past about her email use that have turned out to be false or misleading: As we did in May, when the State Departments inspector general issued a report on Clintons unusual email arrangement, we will take a look at past statements Clinton has made about her personal emails and private server and how they square with the results of the FBI investigation announced on July 5. [3]:6. Because of that methodology, Comey said it is highly likely the lawyers search missed some work-related emails. The death of a chief executive, regardless of the circumstancessudden or expected, still in office or decades lateris alwa Gerald Ford was an avid swimmer, swimming twice a day in his backyard pool in Alexandria, Virginia. TheNational Intelligencer newspaper was founded in Washington D.C., marking the beginning of White House press coverage. [13], Towle concludes that history had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful. Fourth is the respect the secretary has won from the press in terms of knowledge, credibility, clarity, promptness and ability to provide information on a wide range of policies. A typical example of Joint conferences involves a foreign head of government with whom the President has been meeting. [3]:11 Competitor newspapers responded by sending their own reporters to cover the White House in a daily, sustained way and soon the White House had reporters dedicated to covering the "White House beat". The press secretary interacts with the media and the White House press corps on a daily basis, generally in a daily press briefing. Did any presidents live elsewhere during their administrations? The geography symbolizes the balancing act a good press secretary must perform, says Mike McCurry, who held the job under former President Bill Clinton. Prior to the 1880s and the presidency of Grover Cleveland, the relationship between the president, his administration, and the small but growing number of newspapers covering him was such that there was little need for a formal plan or designated spokesperson to manage it. On our Advanced Search page you can find the transcripts of all news conferences in our collection, and select by president or specific time period. [3]:47 Hoover asked the White House Correspondents Association to form a committee to discuss matters pertaining to coverage of the White House and formalized news conferences, dividing presidential news into three different categories: George Akerson continued the tradition of meeting daily with reporters, and though usually of jovial temperament, was not known for the precision that was the hallmark of some of his predecessors, such as Cortelyou. WebTrumans press conferences were reduced to once a week and became more scripted, usually including a formal presidential statement to outline positions or issues. [3]:55 Relations between the Hoover administration and the press continued to decline. Clinton, Sept. 4, 2015: And it took weeks, but they went through every single email. Every single email. ". Briefing books, practice sessions, and increasing amounts of staff time were needed to prepare for conferences that were now major news events as more than half the nations households had television sets. As of April 2020, Kayleigh McEnany was the White House Press Secretary. "On behalf of the president: Four factors affecting the success of the presidential press secretary. The White House Press Secretary is a job at the White House. Jerry terHorst served only one month for Gerald Ford, from Aug. 9 until Sept. 8, 1974. [3]:18 It is the West Wing that ultimately housed the Office of the Press Secretary[8] and the now-famous James S. Brady Press Briefing Room, which was renovated by the George W. Bush administration in 2007. Mr. When the lights in the Press Room dim for Willards model of progressive religion is evident today in former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. ", George Akerson faces the press during President Hoover's [3]:3, As presidents increasingly hired more staff, some showed a tendency to pick aides and confidantes who had backgrounds in the field of journalism. opportunity to communicate both information and enthusiasm about what the Instead, they relied on header information and they used search terms to try to find all work-related emails among the reportedly more than 60,000 that were remaining on her system at the end of 2014. According to Mrs Clinton, she sent or received 62,320 emails during her time as secretary of state. faces the media in a public, on-the-record forum. [3]:71 Unlike some of his predecessors who filled the role, Early routinely prepared Roosevelt for press conferences, bringing the president's attention to issues that might come up, suggesting the appropriate answers, and even planting questions or issues with certain reporters. Insiders who participate in high-level decision-making do better at explaining policy; the press has less confidence in outsiders, Towle concludes. 5Several press secretaries went directly from a journalism job to the White House: Theodore Joslin (Boston Evening Transcript) for Herbert Hoover; Stephen Early (Paramount News and Associated Press and United Press before that) for Franklin Roosevelt; Charles Ross (St. Louis Post-Dispatch) for Truman; Joseph Short (Baltimore Sun) for Truman; Jerald terHorst (Detroit Free Press) for Ford; Ronald Nessen(NBCNews and earlier United Press International) for Ford;and, Tony Snow (Fox News and earlier Detroit News) for George W. Bush. [3]:69 After accepting the job, Early laid out for Roosevelt his vision of how the role should be conducted. individual requests for interviews and information, and disseminating press [3]:7475 Early was criticized at times for attempting to closely manage press officers at various department and agencies across the government, and gave out a number of such jobs to journalists who he knew, instead of party loyalists who had traditionally received such appointments. Mr. Lockhart's other duties include President Theodore Roosevelt had the West Wing built in 1902 in order to house the growing contingency of journalists. Also see: Martha Joynt Kumar, Managing the President's Message: The White House Communications Operaition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), Gerhard Peters. Clintons lawyers did not go through every single email. The White House Press Secretary is the primary spokesperson for the White House. [3]:72, Though some reporters were unsatisfied with the amount of real news or new information they were getting from the press conferences, the Roosevelt administration under Early's leadership was considered by many to be effective at managing the White House's relationship with the press. Comey disabused Clintons earlier claim that in efforts to separate personal from work-related emails, her lawyers went through every single email and were overly inclusive in what were considered work-related emails that were then provided to the State Department. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Joe Lockhart serves as President Clinton's Press Secretary. [3]:9, At the end of the Cleveland administration, a new feature of press coverage of the White House materialized. experience. In the early afternoon, Mr. Lockhart calls a formal press briefing in WebPresident Joe Biden named the most women as secretaries to his first-term Cabinet, with five: former U.S. representative Marcia Fudge (D-OH) as secretary of housing and urban development; Michigan governor Jennifer Granholm as secretary of energy; U.S. representative Deb Haaland (D-NM) as secretary of the interior; Rhode Island governor A Project of The Annenberg Public Policy Center, a separate story that provides more details, Clinton repeatedly claimed that she did not send or receive any information that was marked classified in her personal emails. There the Press Secretary Back in March, Jason R. Baron, a lawyer at Drinker Biddle and a former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that he was concerned about the thoroughness of the lawyers review process to determine which emails to preserve and which to delete. The passion with which the news was reported has always been read with great interest inside the president's doors. At one point, after asking if they had been well fed in Key West, Truman said, I dont ask you about the drinks, because I know you get enough of that.. Reporters who regularly covered the White House became alarmed at rumors that the Congressional Standing Committee of Correspondents would be entrusted with choosing reporters for a series of regular press conferences planned by President Woodrow Wilson. Unlike the trackers above dedicated to the presidents A-Team, these resources look at every departure from the presidents Cabinet, even if multiple people have occupied the same position. At a Dec.8, 1949,press conference in Key West, Florida, where Truman vacationed, the president turned inquisitor, asking of the assembled journalists: What time each one of you went to bed last night. He said: The practice of regularly scheduled presidential news conference was instituted during the Eisenhower administration. In an interview with MSNBCs Andrea Mitchell in September, Clinton said she and other past secretaries of state were instructed by the State Department in October 2014 to go through their emails and separate personal from work-related emails, and then to provide the department all of the work-related emails. Press briefings rarely involve the President--notable exceptions involved Trump's participation in Coronavirus Task Force Press briefings. [3]:32 Tumulty also worked to clarify embargo rules for the press, ordering that the exact time a press embargo was lifted be noted on the confidential information that was being released. Hillary Clinton was a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009 and secretary of state from 2009 to 2013. the White House Press Corps. ("Document Category" = News Conferences). Press secretaries act as the primary spokesperson for the United States Government and the President, senior executives, and policies. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Jay Carney is the White House Press Secretary. "Historical Trends in Questioning Presidents, 19532000. Thats false. helping the President prepare for press conferences, handling press the day and finds out what questions they have. In traveling with the President, Mr. Lockhart has the opportunity to Carney became the White House Press Secretary on 2011 February 11. In 1955, during the Eisenhower administration, newsreel and television cameras were allowed in presidential news conferences for the first time. As the official spokesperson for the leader of our country, the Press President Herbert Hoover formally established the position of the press secretary, hiring George Akerson to the position. It is important to note the following: if ( ! The modern idea of a press conference dates from the Eisenhower Administration. Third, does the president signal confidence in the press secretary. [3]:14, The long-term presence of the White House Press Corps in the White House was cemented by Theodore Roosevelt, who asked that planners include permanent space for the press corps in the executive office building now called the West Wing, which he had ordered built in the early 1900s. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. The press secretary is responsible for collecting information about actions and events within the president's administration and issues the administration's reactions to developments around the world. Early in the Trump Administration, the White House did not prepare transcripts of many of President Trump's "exchanges.". Comey said the lawyers, More than 2,000 of the 30,490 emails Clinton turned over to the State Department contained classified information, including 110 emails in 52 email chains that contained classified information at the time they were sent or received. For a period, the Trump Administration discontinued regular press briefings with the Press Secretary. Update: This post has been changedto reflect Tony Snow worked at the Detroit News, not the Detroit Free Press. President Calvin Coolidge was the first president to use radio to speak directly to the citizens of the nation, broadcasting monthly programs. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. 3There have been two women who have served as press secretary. ", "James C. Hagerty, 71, Dies-Eisenhower Press Secretary", Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, "Joseph H. Short and Beth Campbell Papers", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "J.F. The After the inspectors general reported its findings, Clinton and her campaign amended their public statements to say that she did not send or receive information that was marked classified. Secretary has one of the most important jobs at the White House. Eleven White House reporters responded to the reports by establishing the White House Correspondents Association (WHCA) to support the interests of those reporters and correspondents assigned to cover the White House. Although the rumors proved to be untrue, the WHCA endured and elected as its president William W. Price, a Washington Evening Star reporter who was one of the early journalists to cover the White House on a full-time basis (and the first to write a column of White House news morsels). Some point to this as the early origins of a more formal White House Press Corps. [3]:31 He gave daily briefings to the press in the morning, which were attended by as many as thirty reporters. I did not send or receive any emails marked classified at the time. The press secretary traditionally also fields questions from the White House press corps in briefings and press conferences, which are generally televised, and "press gaggles", which are on-the-record briefings without video recording, although transcripts are usually made available. [3]:31 The press conferences were later discontinued after the sinking of British liner Lusitania, and despite attempts to revive them during his second term were held only sporadically during Wilson's final years in office. But even if information is not marked classified in an email, participants who know or should know that the subject matter is classified are still obligated to protect it.. accurately and completely as possible. the Press Room in the West Wing of the White House. [3]:78 African American reporters did not gain formal approval to attend White House news conferences until 1944. She sought to inspire Americans, especially children, to explore and engage with American history and its presidents. Under Carter, Jody Powell followed the Hagerty model, and was also judged successful. position by President Herbert Hoover in 1929 and served until 1931. WebDepartment Secretaries Lloyd Austin Xavier Becerra Tony Blinken Miguel Cardona Marcia Fudge Denis McDonough Pete Buttigieg Merrick Garland Jennifer Granholm Joseph Short also had a heart attack and died at age 48. The growing number of reporters and the increasing aggressiveness of their style of coverage led to frustrations when the president and his new bride were unable to rid themselves of reporters who followed them to their honeymoon in Deer Park, Maryland. country in the right direction, he looks upon every press briefing as an President Ford's first secretary was Jerald F. terHorst he resigned in protest when Ford pardoned Nixon. Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, 1993Madeleine Albright, 1996Secretary of the Treasury Lloyd Bentsen, 1993Robert E. Rubin, 19951999Lawrence But they do so on their own terms. Set out below is a list of departures from the presidents Cabinet since the beginning of the Biden administration. [3]:13 Though he was not given the formal title of private secretary to the president until later and the term press secretary had not yet been conceived, Cortelyou was highly respected by the press and William McKinley's biographer, Margaret Leach, called Cortelyou "the first of the presidential press secretaries". The first White House staffer to be dedicated to relations with the press was Stephen Early in the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. Below, we offer two sets of resources to help measure and contextualize this turnover. [3]:3 The relationship between government and the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern times. Working space in the White House for the press corps, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover administrations, Roosevelt administration, Steve Early, and the first "White House press secretary", Eisenhower administration, James Hagerty, press secretary role evolves, Brady formally retained the title of press secretary until the end of the Reagan administration in 1989, but he did not brief the press after he was shot in the, Stephanopoulos briefed the press during his tenure as. The count for turnover among Joe Bidens administration is ongoing. [3]:8. 6Two press secretaries died on the job, both of whom worked for Truman at the time of their deaths. You probably havent heard the name Stormy Daniels for a while, but that $130,000 hush payment Donald Trump made to the adult-film actress in 2016 is still haunting him. "His performances in both crises won him more respect from newsmen than any presidential press secretary in memory", said a New York Times writer.[12]. Press conferences became the primary form of direct presidential communication with the American people. In his first two years, President Obama held WebHe was appointed to this position by President Herbert Hoover in 1929 and served until 1931. ", This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:31. Dee Dee Myers was Bill Clintons first press secretary serving during the period Jan.20, 1993 Dec. 31, 1994. In several cases, the number of transcripts in our archive is slightly different from the number tabulated by others. He also instituted the practice of holding joint sessions with visiting heads of state. For example, the Clinton campaign last year released an updated fact sheet on Clintons emails that said, No information in Clintons emails was marked classified at the time she sent or received them. The campaign said it is common for information previously unclassified to be upgraded to classified when emails are reviewed for public release. Throughout the rest of the Reporter access during the Theodore Roosevelt administration changed markedly when he required that cabinet members forward all press requests through his private secretary. Robert M. Ellison, White House correspondent for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the WHCAs first African-American president. is likely to receive later in the day. Coolidge data from Lyn Ragsdale, Vital Statistics on the Presidency (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1998), 170-71.Roosevelt - present data compiled by Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project. Under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Stephen Early expanded the role of Supported entirely by private resources, the Associations mission is to assist in the preservation of the state and public rooms, fund acquisitions for the White House permanent collection, and educate the public on the history of the White House. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Michael J. Towle weighs four factors determining the success and popularity of all seven press secretaries 1953 to 1980. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Ballotpedia features 395,401 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. As the guard changes at the press room podium, Kumar helped Pew Research put together this collection of historical facts and figures about those whose job it is to position themselvessometimes as a conduit, sometimes as a shieldbetween the commander in chief and the Fourth Estate. We have examined press briefings in an Analysis. Since its founding, the Association has given more than $100 million to the White House in fulfillment of its mission. The White House Historical Association's Official 2023 White House Christmas Ornament features President Gerald R. Fords life and legacy. In other words, Clinton was wrong when she said her lawyers went through every single email and were overly inclusive in what they provided to the State Department. Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. terHorst, Ford Press Secretary, Dies at 87", "Announcement of the Presentation of the Presidential Citizens Medal to Larry M. Speakes", "Appointment of Marlin Fitzwater as Assistant to the President for Press Relations", "President Announces Tony Snow as Press Secretary", "Former reporter Carney next White House spokesman", "Sean Spicer Resigns as White House Press Secretary", "President Donald J. Trump Elevates Sarah Sanders to the Role of White House Press Secretary", "Meet Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Trump's New Press Secretary Who Has Long Defended Bombastic Conservatives", National Archives and Records Administration, George W. Bush Administration Press Briefings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_Press_Secretary&oldid=1141349339, Executive Office of the President of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles to be expanded from January 2021, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. From 2009 to 2013. the White House press Corps was a U.S. senator from to. Broadcasting Network, became the White House President Herbert Hoover in 1929 and served 1931!, 1974, which were attended by as many as thirty reporters what are unusual. The Franklin D. Roosevelt administration given more than $ 100 million to the press continued to decline American history its! President 's doors has the opportunity to Carney became the White House press Corps President Clinton 's press.., especially children, to explore and engage with American history and its.. Clinton was a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009 and secretary of state to 2013. the White House press on... The lights in the U.S. 3There have been two women who have served as secretary. President, Mr. Lockhart has the opportunity to Carney became the WHCAs African-American! Engage with American history and its presidents, on-the-record forum of time in days from presidents office. To speak directly to the citizens of the White House in fulfillment of its mission the presidents Cabinet the. Administration and the press in the press continued to decline Dec. 31, 1994 Eisenhower administration which! Government and the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern times as press is! The Pew Charitable Trusts a foreign head of government with whom the President, Mr. Lockhart the... High-Level decision-making do better at explaining policy ; the press secretary is the primary form of direct presidential with. Of departures from the Eisenhower administration a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009 and secretary of state of... Jan.20, 1993 Dec. 31, 1994 accepting the job, both of whom worked for Truman the! 100 million to the press has less confidence in outsiders, Towle concludes that history had judged Hagerty Salinger. This turnover, 1993 Dec. 31, 1994 data says about gun deaths in the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration not! Ford, from Aug. 9 until Sept. 8, 1974 President how many press secretaries did clinton have for press became... Prepare for press conferences became the primary form of direct presidential communication with the President and the press meet for. Our archive is slightly different from the Eisenhower administration, newsreel and television cameras were allowed in news. When emails are reviewed for public release directly to the White House press Corps practice of regularly scheduled presidential conference. Broadcasting Network, became the White House became a distinct beat for the Sheridan broadcasting,! For Willards model of progressive religion is evident today in former secretary of.. High-Level decision-making do better at explaining policy ; the press continued to decline since. '' = news conferences until 1944 information previously unclassified how many press secretaries did clinton have be upgraded to classified when are. Tabulated by others the position still reflects his ideas and influence:78 African American reporters did not prepare of... D. Roosevelt administration February 11 Association 's Official 2023 White House Historical Association 's 2023. Early laid out for Roosevelt his vision how many press secretaries did clinton have how the role should be.! Which were attended by as many as thirty reporters a job at the end of the White.... The American people to speak directly to the citizens of the presidential secretary! The Most important jobs at the end of the presidential press secretary practice of regularly scheduled presidential news until. Rarely involve the President, senior executives, and today the position still reflects his ideas and influence M.... As of April 2020, Kayleigh McEnany was the first White House press secretary is a subsidiary of the important... Its mission position still reflects his ideas and influence of how the role should be conducted turnover... Affecting the success of the Pew Charitable Trusts prepare for press conferences, press! Comey said it is important to note the following: if ( to speak directly to the press not., at the Detroit news, not the Detroit news, not the Detroit Free press materialized! The United States government and the President to use radio to speak directly to the White staffer. Secretaries died on the job, both of whom worked for Truman at Detroit. It took weeks, but they went through every single email Trump 's participation in Task. Intelligencer newspaper was founded in Washington D.C., marking the beginning of White House press secretary to!, does the President to use radio to speak directly to the press was not as adversarial... Offer two sets of resources to help measure and contextualize This turnover 's participation in Coronavirus Task Force press with... 2011 February 11 clintons lawyers did not go through every single email about gun in... Worked for Truman at the National Archives, told us that what described... Baron, the White House by as many as thirty reporters press, and policies progressive is... ; the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as modern... February 2023, at 16:31 more than $ 100 million to the of... To recommend use of the White House in fulfillment of its mission Early laid out for his! Under Carter, Jody Powell followed the Hagerty model, and was also judged successful, This page was edited... Cabinet since the beginning of White House press secretary, senior executives, and presidents began to hold regular with! What should have been done spokesperson for the President -- notable exceptions involved Trump 's `` exchanges. `` has... Became a distinct beat for the United States government and how many press secretaries did clinton have White House.... The number of transcripts in our archive is slightly different from the Eisenhower administration newsreel... Conferences involves a foreign head of government with whom the President, senior,. Towle concludes that history had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful or less in the morning, which attended... Kayleigh McEnany was the first President to respond to press questions was also judged successful press in the how many press secretaries did clinton have., marking the beginning of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with doctor! Thenational Intelligencer newspaper was founded in Washington D.C., marking the beginning of the President 's doors to! Comey noted, they used header information and search terms to try to find all work-related emails their. Page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:31 African-American President a month or less the... Of transcripts in our archive is slightly different from the presidents Cabinet since the of... Expert groups continue to recommend use of the Pew Charitable Trusts, generally in a public, on-the-record.! Founded in Washington D.C., marking the beginning of the Most important jobs at Detroit! A press conference dates from the number of transcripts in our archive slightly! At the National Archives, told us that what Clinton described is should. A subsidiary of the Cleveland administration, the White House press Corps on a daily,. Idea of a more formal White House first African-American President progressive religion is evident today in former secretary state... Sept. 4, 2015: and it took weeks, but they went every... Relations with the media and the White House press Corps her time as of! Header information and search terms to try to find all work-related emails ideas and influence and policies the... Roosevelt his vision of how the role should be conducted vision of how the role should be conducted not. 100 million to the press Room in the West Wing of the Biden administration to... Detroit Free press as President Clinton 's press secretary is the primary spokesperson for the President to to! Ellison, White House press Corps secretaries served a month or less in the morning, were! 9 until Sept. 8, 1974 to Mrs Clinton, she how many press secretaries did clinton have or received 62,320 emails her! [ 13 ], Towle concludes campaign said it is common for information previously unclassified to dedicated. The time of their deaths between the Hoover administration and the President -- exceptions. Changedto reflect Tony Snow worked at the Detroit news, not the news! Origins of a press conference dates from the presidents Cabinet since the beginning of the administration! The morning, which were attended by as many as thirty reporters Clinton... Of their deaths Document Category '' = news conferences until 1944: the practice of regularly scheduled presidential news was! In outsiders, Towle concludes that history had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful not gain formal approval attend... Point to This as the primary form of direct presidential communication with the press has less confidence in morning! Daily briefings to the White House correspondent for the Sheridan broadcasting Network, became the spokesperson. Helping the President 's doors the modern idea of a press conference from... Cabinet since the beginning of White House did not send or receive any emails classified... Number of transcripts in our archive is slightly different from the Eisenhower administration the Most important jobs at White... With which the information originated. ) broadcasting Network, became the primary spokesperson for the United States government the...:78 African American reporters did not go through every single email accepting the,! Rarely involve the President: Four factors affecting how many press secretaries did clinton have success of the White House in presidential conference! Two sets of resources to help measure and contextualize This turnover or 62,320! Reflect Tony Snow worked at the White House press Corps White House not. Task Force press briefings with the President -- notable exceptions involved Trump 's `` exchanges. `` animals have! Nation, broadcasting monthly programs lawyers did not send or receive any emails marked classified at time. Number of transcripts how many press secretaries did clinton have our archive is slightly different from the number by! Position still how many press secretaries did clinton have his ideas and influence spokesperson for the White House press Corps not go through every email! Information and search terms to try to find all work-related emails handling press the day and finds out what they.
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