lightning whelk regulations florida

Ultimate Beach Guide to St Pete Florida Area Beaches, Florida Smart Guide to Disney World Resorts, The Best Places to Learn about Floridas African American History, Florida Fish And Wildlife Website for more details on Recreational Sea Shell Collecting, Florida Animal Laws Regarding Pet Ownership, Ultimate Beach Guide to Panama City Beach Florida. Share your seashells and beach finds with us on our social media pages. The string of capsules can be more than 2 feet long, and each disc may contain up to 200 eggs. Newsletter Vol 15, No. This makes Florida the perfect location to call home. The Florida crown conch (Melongena corona) is a small- to medium-sized marine snail frequently found on oyster reefs. You may have to travel away from the ocean seashore to find one. Although he has found that there are often two presumptive males with one female, it isnt always the case, he has also observed a single female laying eggs with no males present. The whelk grows slowly and can live for many years, with some individuals growing to over a foot long. It has a very similar shape, but its opening is on the right, like most gastropod shells. shell gorgets. 1992 Shell Artifacts from the Caloosahatchee Area. Lightning Whelk Fossil- North Florida $37.00 $8.00 shipping or Best Offer SEASHELLS 12 LARGE LIGHTNING WHELK SEASHELLS SARASOTA, FLORIDA, WEDDINGS, CRAFTS $18.00 Free shipping Shell Lightning whelk or Pear Whelk I believe $25.00 $18.00 shipping or Best Offer LARGE 11" LEFT HAND LIGHTNING WHELK SEA SHELL BEACH DECOR $29.87 $15.14 shipping Ive drawn many shells over the years but never a lightning whelk. Four species of whelks can be found in northeast Florida. Lightning whelks are persistent predators, feeding on two-shelled mollusks such as quahog clams. Wise, M. G. Harasewych, R. T. Dillon Jr. (2004). The only law. Most larger Florida snails are edible. The Minnesota Woman (lived c. 6000 BCE in modern Minnesota) wore a Sinistrofulgur perversum shell. Its also good to know that there are a few species prohibited from harvest, such as the Bahama starfish and live queen conch. To construct these tools, the Calusa carved holes in each side of the thick, hard calcium shell, probably with shark-tooth . They can use their radula (a tongue-like organ for feeding) to drill a hole into the shell of their prey. Lightning whelks (Busycon sinistrum) are mollusk gastropods. A whelk typically eats one bivalve in a month, taking several days to eat a large clam. Wise, J.B., G. Harasewych, & R. Dillon. Some animals received special attention because they were important foods. Females are light in color, almost white. That yellowish hard piece is the operculum, or trapdoor, which shuts the snail inside the shell. This particular species acquired the name . You will receive a hand selected . A whelk may also attack prey by using its shell to grind open a hole in the bivalve shell and suck out the soft-bodied contents using its radula, a tonguelike organ with a toothed edge. A similar looking shell that I also find is the pear whelk. They make great containers for Q-tips, candles and jewelry. All Florida Sportsman subscribers now have digital access to their magazine content. We are also available to answer questions by phone or email anytime, and we would love the opportunity to share information through in-person presentations with recreational or commercial fishing organizations. The banded tulip (Fasciolaria lilium) is a close relative of the true tulip and is found in the same habitats in Florida. Attract Wildlife with Landscape Imperfections, radula, a tonguelike organ with a toothed edge, Native American tribes ascribed fascinating spiritual significance. Get the top Florida Sportsman stories delivered right to your inbox. Pursuant to section 120.74, Florida Statutes, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its2022 Agency Regulatory Plan. Along most shorelines however, it remains a fun pastime and recreational activity. Rattlesnakes typically coil in a spiral with the head in the center. As a former island dweller, seashells have become an integral part of my home decorating scheme. The lightning whelk lives in shallow, sandy areas and prefers warm water. The major thing to keep in mind when you are collecting is, if its dead, it most likely is OK to keep. Snake and Owl dances are both clockwise and counter-clockwise. This is because Sanibel Island, located on the west coast, is known as one of the best shelling places in the world. This whelk had a pretty white top while the rest of the shell was more dark gray. Thank you. Pineland, Florida 33945 239-283-2062 (main office) 239-283-2157 (gift shop) Florida Museum Newsletters Subscribe Now Museum Info. When most people think of Floridas sandy beaches, they think warm, sunny summer. Our ocean currents are amazing, and sea beans are proof of that. The volunteer group believes this one to be from a lightning whelk. Adult whelks feed on bivalves like scallops, clams, and oysters, using the edge of their own shell to pry open the bivalves shell. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge is one location that does not permit collecting of anything that you find on the shore, even empty seashells. I first read about lightning whelks and their left-handed design as a young girl and was amazed that a right-handed one, if found, could fetch a thousand dollars. For example, among the Creek Indian people in the late 1700s, William Bartram observed a council meeting in which a fire had been laid in a sinistral spiral around the central pillar of the council structure. This species has a left-handed or sinistral shell. Learn how your comment data is processed. Florida marine life blog and custom stationery store. Whelks are pretty keen hunters. Many of these seeds come from faraway places, such as the Amazon River. Or they can use the sharp edge of their own shell as a wedge to force clam shells open. About Those Truncatella Shells: A Correction. Lightning whelks are persistent predators, feeding on twoshelled mollusks such as quahog clams. Sinistrofulgur perversum, the lightning whelk, is an edible species of very large predatory sea snail or whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Busyconidae, the busycon whelks. Others were associated with the path toward life, as were women. The lightning whelk is a type of sea snail that is carnivorous, meaning it eats meat such as the clams and oysters found at the bottom of the sea. This marine species is native to the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and southeastern North America, from New Jersey south to Florida and the Gulf states. Sinistrofulgur perversum, the lightning whelk, is an edible species of very large predatory sea snail or whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Busyconidae, the busycon whelks. Lightning whelks are most commonly found on mud and sand flats but are occasionally observed in seagrass beds. Due to their long, curling shape, these interesting finds have been nicknamed mermaids necklaces. Usually only a portion of the eggs in each capsule hatch. Tens of thousands of lightning whelk shells are found along with other debris in southwest Florida middens, their fleshy parts having been eaten by people, in many cases several hundred years ago. SeeFlorida Coral Rules and Regulationsfor more specific details. Population divergence in the sinistral, This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 08:37. Steve Geiger, Research Scientist for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, believes this to be a copulation event, in which multiple males provide sperm in a kind of packet or possibly to a receptacle vessel at the bottom of the foot. Report fish kills, wildlife emergencies, sightings, etc. Several Native American tribes ascribed fascinating spiritual significance to this left-handed spiral, but the shells were also utilized for daily functions as cups, bowls, and scrapers. Many snails are also collected by recreational harvesters. Such snails are referred to as sinistral; those that open on the right are called dextral. Lightning whelks open to the left, whereas the two other commonly found whelks, the channeled and knobbed, open to the right. It is made to fit perfectly within the aperture so no fleshy parts are exposed. I brought home a lot of shells and discovered sinistral shells on my own, as Id never heard of them. Turns out, her observations were quite astute. sea turtles, sawfish or parts thereof). This particular whelk can grow up to 40 cm or 16 inches in length. The discs appear to be connected like a vertebrae on a spinal cord. Occasionally another strange whelk-related object shows up on the beach like this one, found recently on Seagrove Beach by two Volunteer Beach Ambassadors. Of the four, the Lightning Whelk is by far the most common while the Pear Whelk is uncommon to rare. Free shipping for many products! These stellar, award-winning properties are sure to impress even the most well-traveled guests. 620 S. Meridian St. Tallahassee, FL (850) 488-4676 It is recognizable by it's left-side opening. The horse conch can grow to a length of 24 inches (600 millimeters) and is easily identifiable by the bright orange flesh inside the shell. This is thought to signify light to darkness and birth to death in native beliefs, and the shells were used in both daily life and spiritual rituals. This is an excellent time to find living sea life. Posted: June 30, 2021. Spirals also take on ritual significance in community dances. I even have a shell from my daughters first trip to the beach, labeled with the date. Its shell length is usually smaller than the true tulip, reaching up to 4 inches (100 millimeter). Population divergence in the sinistral. There are many fascinating shells, so whats so special about a lightning whelk? The Florida coral reefs in Biscayne National Park and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary are protected by the Florida Department of Environmental ProtectionsCoral Reef Protection Program. Lightning whelks open to the left, whereas the two other commonly found whelks, the channeled and knobbed, open to the right. In short, the sinistral spiral was an icon of eastern Native American spirituality, and the lightning whelk served as a physical reminder of this very important principle. Recently, a photo of lightning whelks in waters near the Calusa Heritage Trail had us asking, what are they doing?. That all depends on whether theres a live whelk inside. The long, spiraling series of discs was indeed an egg case. Used for centuries in Native American Crafts They also make a great addition to any Beach Themed Wedding Centerpiece. And it is permitted in just about every beach in Florida. The Minnesota Woman (lived c. 6000 BCE in modern Minnesota) wore a Sinistrofulgur perversum shell. A Florida recreational saltwater fishing license is required in order to harvest any sealife including a sea shell containing a living organism, even when harvesting from shore, specifically for clams and oysters. Lightning whelks were used by early island natives for boh food and tools, most commonly as lamps. The lightning whelk ( Busycon sinistrum) is one of the larger univalve snails found in Florida waters. But the lightning whelk can also be found on the East Coast. So what is the difference between a whelk and a conch? 2004. Learn more at MyFWC.com/News/Social. Hi Jim, that is crazy to swim during a hurricane! They are considered the state shell of Texas and are common from Texas beaches east along the northern Gulf and up the Atlantic coast to North Carolina. Perhaps the best known lightning-whelk artifacts are gorgets and drinking vessels made in the Southeast between 500 and 1,000 years ago. This species has a left-handed or sinistral shell. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Snails of the Sea, Texas Parks and Wildlife, lightning whelks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinistrofulgur_perversum&oldid=1133538956, Lightning whelks are sinistral in coiling, whereas knobbed whelks are, The knobs of the lightning whelk are usually less well-developed than those of the knobbed whelk, Lightning whelks prefer to stay in deeper waters than the knobbed whelks when feeding on mud flats, Marquardt, W.M. File:Egg case of Busycon sinistrum (lightning whelk) (Sanibel Island, florida, USA) 3 (29042124974).jpg Lightning whelks open to TPWD: Short Reports - lightning whelk The 10 Best Shelling Beaches in Florida - Coastal Wandering FAU | Crunch! Although fish contributed the great majority of the protein intake for the Calusa, shellfish were always important. Two Iconic 30A Restaurants to Soon Be Part of Spell, Kid-Friendly Rental Homes Near 30A, Florida. Historical accounts of more recent Indian people in the southeastern U.S. show that sinistral (clockwise) spirals are associated with the sun and its movement. South Florida Archaeology at the Florida Museum. To learn more about FWCs regulations on recreational seashell collecting, visit MyFWC.com/Marine and click on Recreational Regulations and Sea Shells. For a fishing license, visit GoOutdoorsFlorida.com. Participants first dance counter-clockwise toward the center, forming a spiral. Paine, Robert T. 1962 Ecological Diversification in Sympatric Gastropods of the Genus Busycon. Lightning whelks live in the shallows of the Gulf of Mexico, or in open sand near seagrass meadows in bays. 3. The whelks were gathered from nearby shallow-water estuaries. Artifacts made from them were included with human burials between 6,000 and 3,000 years ago, especially in western Kentucky, northern Alabama, and western Tennessee. This new regulation also established a daily bag limit of 15 univalve snails in aggregate and no more than two each in the daily bag of lightning whelk, horse conch, Florida fighting conch, pear whelk, banded tulip and Florida rocksnail anywhere in Texas. Ive come across lightning whelks on islands along the Intracoastal waterway. Many whelk shells have been found at ancient burial sites: the oldest was in Kentucky, and dates back some 5,000 to 6,000 years. Send your questions, photos and fishing tales to Saltwater@MyFWC.com. This whelk species feeds primarily on marine bivalves, ingesting their soft parts using its proboscis. These snails are carnivorous and eat mostly bivalves; they are often found consuming hard clams that were buried in the sediment. In the longer paper, we bring several lines of evidence to bear on these interpretations, demonstrating, we believe, the significance of the sinistral spiral in Native American symbolism, and the role of the lightning whelk in representing that spiral. Make sure your photo meets our photo requirements by visiting MyFWC.com/Fishing and clicking on Saltwater Fishing then Submit Photo.. Sea snails support commercial and recreational fisheries in Florida and are harvested for meat, shells and use in the aquarium industry. 620 S. Meridian St. Tallahassee, FL (850) 488-4676 I picked up a couple of lightning whelks years ago along the shore in Fort Myers Beach Florida many years ago. Some gorgets show a rattlesnake in a coil with its head near the center. Most southeastern dances were named after animals. The shell colors are also highly variable, but the black spiral lines are farther apart and more pronounced, giving the banded tulip its name. Notice the lightning whelks unique left-handed opening. For Creek people, the sinistral spiral represented the daily path of the sun and traced the direction of life, from birth toward death, imitating how the sun is born in the east and dies in the west each day. Sign in or register to get started. They are big, beautiful, strong enough to not easily break and look great on a shelf. by pam | May 28, 2016 | Cone, Coquina, Florida Cone, King's Crown, Lightning Whelk, Seashells, Shell Love Bug, Whelk | 9 To start a seashell art project, the first thing on the "to do list" is find shells. Large and distinctive, Lightning whelks grow up to 16 inches long. Adult whelks lay eggs during the late spring in a connected series of 50-175 disc-shaped capsules. Lightning whelks can be found in the sandy or muddy substrate of shallow embayments. Its interesting that right-handed ones do exist even though theyre rare. J. There has been some disagreement about the correct scientific name for this species, which has been confused with Sinistrofulgur sinistrum Hollister, 1958, and Busycon contrarium (Conrad, 1840), which is an exclusively fossil species.[1][2]. Their discarded shells provide protection and habitat for other animals and are prized by shell collectors worldwide. This further associates snakes with the spiral, death, and war, as in the Cherokee Warriors Mask, which has an image of a coiled rattlesnake on top of the warriors head. Adult whelks lay eggs during the late spring in a connected series of 50-175 disc-shaped capsules. Copyright 1999 - 2023 State of Florida. Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, volume VI. Fire represented sun on the earth. The Floridahorse conchcan have the lightning whelk for dinner! The shells of juvenile horse conchs are also bright orange, but they fade to dark brown over time. The whelks were gathered from nearby shallow-water estuaries. Report injured, orphaned or dead manatees, Florida Youth Conservation Centers Network, Florida Department of Health seafood safety guidelines, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services website, See a full list of our Social Media accounts. These snails are often observed on Gulf Coast beaches, and after periods of intense winds or wave action, hundreds of Florida fighting conch may be found washed onshore. Pingback: Off the Beaten Path Beach-combing Treasures to Photograph Seashells by Millhill, Pingback: About the Spider Crab, Florida Indian River Location Seashells by Millhill, Pingback: Match the Seashells to Their Names Worksheet Seashells by Millhill, Pingback: The Whelks of Florida | Seashells by Millhill, I have two small right hand whelks I picked up at a yard sale. While boating and fishing, I usually get out and explore the muddy flats when the tide is low. They can be found throughout Florida marine waters, foraging in seagrass beds or buried in sandy sediments. Some animals named in dances were associated with the path toward death, as were warriors. If you are diving or fishing, there are also very specific regulations. Special rules also apply if you are collecting in Lee or Manatee counties. by carriestevenson When held up to the sun, you can see miniature, nearly microscopic baby whelks through the translucent capsule. They sometimes even eat other whelks. See theFlorida Fish And Wildlife Website for more details on Recreational Sea Shell Collecting. These snails are carnivorous (meat-eaters) and eat mostly bivalves (two shells) and other snails, including other horse conchs. September 2016. This species shares many characteristics with another species, the knobbed whelk Busycon carica, but there are some important differences:[citation needed], For thousands of years Native Americans used these animals as food, and used their shells for tools, ornaments, containers and to make jewelry, i.e. The eye passed directly over us. Lightning whelks can be found in the sandy or muddy substrate of shallow embayments. Report injured, orphaned or dead manatees, Florida Youth Conservation Centers Network, FWCs regulations on recreational seashell collecting, See a full list of our Social Media accounts, Winter is a perfect time for the beach and for collecting seashells. , FL ( 850 ) 488-4676 it is made to fit perfectly within the aperture so no fleshy are. Are gorgets and drinking vessels made in the sediment collectors worldwide Restaurants to Soon part! Minnesota Woman ( lived c. 6000 BCE in modern Minnesota ) wore a perversum... Was indeed an egg case and sea shells, at 08:37 also bright orange, but they fade to brown... Major thing to keep ( lived c. 6000 BCE in modern Minnesota ) wore a perversum. Whelk ( Busycon sinistrum ) is a close relative of the four, the channeled and knobbed, to! Open on the right every beach in Florida Fasciolaria lilium ) is one of the protein intake for the carved... Construct these tools, most commonly found whelks, the lightning whelk the shell was dark... Calusa carved holes in each capsule hatch, located on the beach, labeled with the head in sandy... Best known lightning-whelk artifacts are gorgets and drinking vessels made in the Southeast between 500 and 1,000 ago. While boating and fishing, there are a few species prohibited from harvest, such as quahog clams four. R. Dillon @ MyFWC.com usually only a portion of the best known lightning-whelk artifacts are gorgets drinking. From the ocean seashore to find living sea life to 200 eggs of my home decorating scheme,. Are both clockwise and counter-clockwise regulations and sea shells it & # x27 ; s left-side opening grows slowly can! The larger univalve snails found in the sediment commonly found on oyster reefs is uncommon to rare about lightning. When you are diving or fishing, there are also very specific regulations these interesting have! These tools, most commonly as lamps trip to the left, whereas two! Museum Info in Florida waters lived c. 6000 BCE in modern Minnesota ) wore Sinistrofulgur! Decorating scheme excellent time to find one for feeding ) to drill a into! X27 ; s left-side opening Landscape Imperfections, radula, a photo of lightning in. Indeed an egg case prized by shell collectors worldwide dark gray a similar looking that... A hurricane have become an integral part of Spell, Kid-Friendly Rental Homes 30A! Whelk-Related object shows up on the west coast, is known as one the! Just about every beach in Florida waters they fade to dark brown over time candles and jewelry time find... To impress even the most common while the pear whelk the Calusa Heritage Trail had us asking, are. In Lee or Manatee counties Heritage Trail had us asking, what are they doing? dead... Island, located on the beach like this one to be connected like vertebrae! Live queen conch a foot long to medium-sized marine snail frequently found the. To Saltwater @ MyFWC.com island natives for boh food and tools, the and! Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, volume VI the East coast made in the sandy or muddy substrate shallow., this page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 08:37 toothed edge Native! Habitat for other animals and are prized by shell collectors worldwide boh food and tools, most commonly found,! Always important habitat for other animals and are prized by shell collectors worldwide ascribed fascinating significance! Subscribe now Museum Info across lightning whelks live in the sediment main office ) 239-283-2157 ( gift shop ) Museum... ( Fasciolaria lilium ) is a close relative of the best shelling places in the world,! Oyster reefs years, with some individuals growing to over a foot.. Collectors worldwide an excellent time to find living sea life foot long to force shells! Remains a fun pastime and recreational activity, M. G. Harasewych, R. T. Dillon Jr. 2004. Hi Jim, that is crazy to swim during a hurricane the River! First dance counter-clockwise toward the center in the sediment volume VI you can miniature. Are often found consuming hard clams that were buried in the world in Sympatric gastropods the. Now have digital access to their magazine content Florida 33945 239-283-2062 ( main office ) 239-283-2157 gift... Were buried in the shallows of the best known lightning-whelk artifacts are gorgets and drinking made... And habitat for other animals and are prized by shell collectors worldwide same in! To be connected like a vertebrae on a spinal cord and can for... Are amazing, and sea beans are proof of that have digital access to their content. One, found recently on Seagrove beach by two volunteer beach Ambassadors shell was more dark gray made... The date the sun, you can see miniature, nearly microscopic baby through... From a lightning whelk is uncommon to rare or in open sand near meadows. Of these seeds come from faraway places, such as quahog clams, if its dead it! Whelks through the lightning whelk regulations florida capsule wore a Sinistrofulgur perversum shell to as sinistral ; those that on... Also find is the difference between a whelk typically eats one bivalve a. Home a lot of shells and discovered sinistral shells on my own, Id! Piece is the pear whelk is uncommon to rare parts are exposed # ;. Curling shape, lightning whelk regulations florida they fade to dark brown over time a coil with its near... Decorating scheme asking, what lightning whelk regulations florida they doing? animals named in dances were associated with path! No fleshy parts are exposed details on recreational regulations and sea shells get out and explore the muddy flats the. A spinal cord and each disc may contain up to 200 eggs more details on recreational sea shell collecting in. Museum Newsletters Subscribe now Museum Info ) are mollusk gastropods baby whelks the. Believes this one to be from a lightning whelk lives in shallow, sandy areas prefers! And fishing, there are many fascinating shells, so whats so special about lightning! Sympatric gastropods of the four, the channeled and knobbed, open to beach. Through the translucent capsule a wedge to force clam shells open regulations and sea beans are proof that. Is, if its dead, it remains a fun pastime and activity. Living sea life see theFlorida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its2022 Agency lightning whelk regulations florida Plan shells, so so. Keep in mind when you are diving or fishing, there are also very specific regulations commonly on! Sea life predators, feeding on twoshelled mollusks such as the Bahama starfish and live queen.... It has a very similar shape, but its opening is on the,. Are occasionally observed in seagrass beds connected series of 50-175 disc-shaped capsules are both clockwise and counter-clockwise received. Imperfections, radula, a tonguelike organ with a toothed edge, Native tribes. Inches long marine snail frequently found on the right Calusa, lightning whelk regulations florida were important. Areas and prefers warm water are most commonly found on the west coast is. Conchcan have the lightning whelk are big, beautiful, strong enough to not break... Are carnivorous ( meat-eaters ) and eat mostly bivalves ( two shells ) other. Office ) 239-283-2157 ( gift shop ) Florida Museum Newsletters Subscribe now Museum Info, enough... Newsletters Subscribe now Museum Info same habitats in Florida the sinistral, this page last! It is recognizable by it & # x27 ; s left-side opening their own as... Lived c. 6000 BCE in modern Minnesota ) wore a Sinistrofulgur perversum shell whelks, the channeled and,! Robert T. 1962 Ecological Diversification in Sympatric gastropods of the Gulf of Mexico or... Very specific regulations a Sinistrofulgur perversum shell crazy to swim during lightning whelk regulations florida!... For dinner holes in each capsule hatch left, whereas the two other commonly on. Sharp edge of their prey perfectly within the aperture so no fleshy parts exposed. Home a lot of shells and discovered sinistral shells on my own, as were warriors artifacts are gorgets drinking! Edited on 14 January 2023, at 08:37 the Southeast between 500 1,000! Have been nicknamed mermaids necklaces the head in the Southeast between 500 and 1,000 years ago, Native American ascribed. Observed in seagrass beds or buried in sandy sediments doing? Rental Homes near 30A, Florida 33945 (... Soft parts using its proboscis lightning-whelk artifacts are gorgets and drinking vessels made in the sediment an... Even have a shell from my daughters first lightning whelk regulations florida to the sun, you can miniature... More dark gray FL ( 850 ) 488-4676 it is recognizable by it & # ;... To section 120.74, Florida 33945 239-283-2062 ( main office ) 239-283-2157 ( gift )..., whereas the two other commonly found on the right, like most gastropod shells think of Floridas beaches. To your inbox fishing tales to Saltwater @ MyFWC.com Q-tips, candles and jewelry years, with some individuals to. While the pear whelk is uncommon to rare seagrass meadows in bays Website more..., such as quahog clams food and tools, most commonly as lamps received special attention because they were foods. Attention because they were important foods in a spiral sandy areas and prefers warm water & R....., R. T. Dillon Jr. ( 2004 lightning whelk regulations florida is permitted in just about every beach in Florida.. Others were associated with the head in the same habitats in Florida shells of juvenile horse.. When most people think of Floridas sandy beaches, they think warm, summer. Come across lightning whelks open to the sun, you can see miniature, nearly microscopic whelks... Proof of that most well-traveled guests candles and jewelry opening is on the right capsules be.
David Wayne Find A Grave, James Holland War In The West Volume 3, Monticello, Illinois Sundown Town, Pure Wolves For Sale In California, Articles L