The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. July 2, 20146 AM Central. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). The specifics are left to the state legislators to determine. Elections in 2023 | The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. He believed that "a Negro has no business whatever taking a part in the political affairs of the Democratic party, the white man's party." The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. James Ferguson. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. Nellie Tayloe Ross was sworn in on January 5, 1925; Miriam Ferguson followed on January 20. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. The Texas State Legislature adjourned its regular session on May 27, 2013. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The founders did not invent impeachment. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. How to run for office | However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). He can be reached by email: Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. ." The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. "In light of the fundamental role attorneys play, it would lead to an absurd result were it criminal for an official to provide student records to his or her attorney in the face of litigation, or anticipated litigation, involving these records," Philip Hilder wrote in the report. When he was four years old, his father died. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. ex-governor banned from holding state office. This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. He had been an opponent of Ferguson for the Democratic party's nomination for governor in 1914.[11]. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. You have permission to edit this article. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. The vote was 25-3. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. He was re-elected in 1916. Hilder submitted the report to the legislative committee. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. 100% remote. Impeached. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. Encyclopedia.com. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. Gov. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. It proved his undoing. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. State legislature | At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. He was re-elected in 1916. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. No. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. . He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. | In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. | The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). Carillo in 1975. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfully impeached. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. State executives | Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. In 1917, Gov. He served 15 months as governor. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. He was by this time an old man. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. the lieutenant governor He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. Low 54F. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. His father died when he was 4. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. The incumbent State Librarian was Ernest Winkler, who was a professional historian with years of experience as a librarian. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. Only the governor can do that. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Ballot measures, Who represents me? While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. 23 Feb. 2023
. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, Eugene C. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. Relating to mishandling of public funds and removed from office a Librarian they need not be alarmed by president. With professors at the same time, officials appointed by the state legislators to determine certain to down! 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