This is one of the most common uses for slag glass, and you'll see many slag glass chandeliers and other fixtures in antique shops. Slag is the byproduct of steel production. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide; however, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Slag glass stands out from other types of glass antiques for the beautiful marbleized color patterns. Signed slag glass tends to be worth more than unmarked slag glass. Slag Glass is an industrial waste product that can look surprisingly similar to obsidian, a volcanic glass. It was also ground into powder to add to glazes for use in ceramics. Marble or marbled glass was another name for slag glass since the resulting glass ware . The major components of these slags include the oxides of calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, and aluminium, with lesser amounts of manganese, phosphorus, and others depending on the specifics of the raw materials used. Slag glass is still made modernly, and in a wider variety of colors than can be found in vintage pieces. When looking to purchase real slag glass, look for the marks of the manufacturer. Looking at the coloring of the piece can be a good start to figuring out if the piece is vintage or modern. In many smelting processes, oxides are introduced to control the slag chemistry, assisting in the removal of impurities and protecting the furnace refractory lining from excessive wear. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a by-product from iron production in blast furnaces, which are fed by a mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone. As molten iron cools, a silicate slag forms on top of it. Modern slag glass is still being made today in USA, and comes in a variety of colours. Lampshades and chandeliers were commonly produced out of slag glass. Identification Tips & History Highlights, One of the most unusual types of antique glass that collectors can investigate, Vaseline glass is absolutely fascinating due to its color, history, and radioactive components. How do you grind glass without a grinder? Interestingly, Hobnail glass is a common type of collectable antique glassware. When the slag cools slowly, it can also contain crystallized minerals, such as enstatite, augite, wollastonite, olivine, pyroxene, and melilite. The term mosaic glass is much more inclusive and includes these pieces that look like slag glass but dont actually contain any slag. A good example is steelmaking slag: quicklime (CaO) and magnesite (MgCO3) are introduced for refractory protection, neutralizing the alumina and silica separated from the metal, and assisting in the removal of sulfur and phosphorus from the steel. Slag is the collection of compounds that are removed. Although the construction industry does use some slag as an aggregate, most is simply discarded. According to the 2019 International Energy Agency (IEA) report, the iron and steel industry directly contributed 2.6 Gt to global CO2 emissions and accounted for 7% of global energy demand. If glass exists in that color, you can theoretically have slag glass in that color. The colors were produced by adding slag, an iron additive, to the glass during production. Applications. These colors are created through different repurposing techniques. [16], Slags have one of the highest carbonation potential among the industrial alkaline waste due their high CaO and MgO content, inspiring further studies to test its feasibility in CO2 capture and storage (CCS) methods (e.g., direct aqueous sequestration, dry gas-solid carbonation among others). (Source). Stone Shop, InSpyritMetaphysical (5,660) $2.50 Vintage Boyd Blue Slag Glass Elephant Head Toothpick Matchstick Holder, Elephant Lovers, Vintage Blue & White Slag Glass HoosierGirlTreasures (83) The value has generally held steady around $5 for a single cup for a few decades. 10.2.2 Blast furnace slag. Pelletized slag is generally used for lightweight aggregate but can be ground into material similar to GGBFS. This created the marbled effect and bright variations in color that make slag glass so unique. In fact, some pieces marked as Sowerbyslag glass made in England look very much like pieces that were made in the United States during the early years. Rock wool, a man-made material consisting of natural minerals like basalt or diabase. There are three types of slag: ferrous, ferroalloy, non-ferrous slags, which are produced through different smelting processes. This can also lead to the dissolution of other metals in slag, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo), which become insoluble in water and mobile as particulate matter. Thus, clinkers are a form of slag. Slag glass is a man-made opaque base glass with marbelized swirls in a different color. With excess phosphate in water being a significant issue in the Chicago-Gary area, this benefit from slag could be another use for the material and could decrease the need to mine new natural materials for water treatment applications. BRASS SHOWS NORMAL & NATURAL TARNISH & PATINA COMMENSURATE TO AGE. Furthermore, slag can be classified based on the abundance of iron among other major components. Slag that has a low percentage of alumina to silica becomes glassier, and rapid cooling also makes it more glasslike. Most manufacturers use up tp 40% to 60% recycled glass content. [23][24], Dissolution of slags can produce highly alkaline groundwater with pH values above 12. It was very popular as it is commonly used to create lampshades. "frit", a high density, vitreous, and abrasive material low in carbon and formed in various shapes from jagged and irregular pieces to rod and needle-like forms) and residual carbon char, the proportions of which vary depending on operating conditions, gasifier, Below we will teach you to have to identify slag glass and give you a greater understanding of its value. Vintage pieces can also be commonly found in a dark purple color. Here is everything that you could ever want to know about slag glass. This leads to marbling in the colors of the glass. Other manufacturers quickly caught on and the style rose in popularity soon following its creation. Designers would create intricate stained glass style patterns and scenes within lampshades. Later, familiar companies like Westmoreland, Imperial Glass, and Akro Agate made slag glass in a variety of colors. So keep your eye out for glass made by these companies from the 19th century. When iron ore is smelted in that process, the remaining residue is a glass-like, often glossy material that takes on different colors depending on the minerals and elements present in the iron. However, since each piece will have very unique marbling patterns, the estimated value can vary greatly based on personal preference. The marbling was traditionally produced using slag from iron smelting. More precisely, slag is comprised of black, glassy, silica-based materials (a.k.a. Lamps, lampshades, and chandeliers were very popular uses for slag glass. Some well-known slag glass manufacturers include Sowerby, Davidson, and Greeners. When SSRS compares with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) from iron making, steel slag contains toxic ingredients such as nickel, cadmium, chromium and strontium. Production of slag glass originated in late 19th century England. However, some of them, such as arsenic (As), iron, and manganese, can accumulate in groundwater and surface water to levels that can exceed environmental guidelines. Mosiac glass is sometimes used interchangeably with slag glass, although there are some technical differences. For the British slang term for a promiscuous woman, see, "Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review", "Iron and Steel Statistics and Information", "worldsteel | Steel industry co-products position paper", "10 - Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates", "The chemical composition of glass in Ancient Egypt by Mikey Brass (1999)", "4 - Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering: Worldwide studies", "The long-term accelerated expansion of various ladle-furnace basic slags and their soil-stabilization applications", "CHAPTER 7:Diverse Applications of Slags in the Construction Industry", "High Performance Cement for High Strength and Extreme Durability by Konstantin Sobolev", "Autojen jakohihnojen rikkoutumisen taustalla ferrokromikuonan eli OKTO-murskeen aiheuttama kuluminen", "CHAPTER 8:Environmental Applications of Slag", "Production, characterisation, utilisation, and beneficial soil application of steel slag: A review", "Effective CO2-specific sequestration capacity of steel slags and variability in their leaching behaviour in view of industrial mineral carbonation", "Mineralization of Carbon Dioxide: A Literature Review", "A review on steel slag valorisation via mineral carbonation", "A Review of the Influence of Steel Furnace Slag Type on the Properties of Cementitious Composites", "Some Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Mortars and Concrete", "Controls on CO2 Mineralization Using Natural and Industrial Alkaline Solids under Ambient Conditions", "CHAPTER 6:Environmental Impact of Slag Particulates", "CHAPTER 5:Slag Leaching Properties and Release of Contaminants", "Geochemistry of Extremely Alkaline (pH > 12) Ground Water in Slag-Fill Aquifers", "Direct CO2 emissions in the iron and steel sector by scenario, 2019-2050 Charts Data & Statistics", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slag&oldid=1141642075, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 02:13. My grandmother was born in 1923 and like many people who grew up in the depression, she never got rid of anything. Careful consideration of the slag type used is required, as the high CaO and MgO content can lead to excessive volume expansion and cracking in concrete. The worth and value of slag glass varies. If you can identify what company manufactured the slag glass, you can determine if the product is real. Slags can serve other purposes, such as assisting in the temperature control of the smelting, and minimizing any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. Slag Glass Rock filter applied; see all. These lamps and lampshades were not only prized for their beauty but also the colored and marbled effect of the lights on the walls of a home. Ruby Red LLC also participates in affiliate programs with Awin and other sites. Some of Fenton's slag glass pieces can also be quite valuable, selling in the hundreds. These beautiful old light fixtures can also be incredibly valuable, so knowing how to spot a, Collector Marbles: A Basic Guide to Types and Values. (HD). The unique coloring and pattern make it perfect for statement decorations. Two vintage brown Sowerby figurines can sell for two completely different processes depending on how the marbling came out. As with many other types of vintage glassware, the slag glass technique can be found in all sorts of different pieces, decorative or functional. How do you grind glass without a grinder? 3 Beds. See if holding onto your favorite action figures as a kid has paid off. Older pieces are worth more because as time goes on, antique slag glass is harder to find. Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.Ground-granulated blast furnace slag is a latent hydraulic binder forming calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) after contact with water. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Egyptian patterns were also common due to the interest in the tomb of King Tut in the early 1920s. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partially. These intricate lampshades are some of the most popular and most expensive pieces of vintage slag glassware. The molten glass is placed into forms and then pressed to get the right shape and emboss the surface with a pattern. Official websites use .gov [6] To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar. GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag) is one of the 'greenest' of construction materials. The ideal thickness of each layer is between 4 to 6 inches. It is important that you can recognize the authenticity of the item you are looking to buy. On the other hand, water quenched BF slags have greater amorphous phases giving it latent hydraulic properties (as discovered by Emil Langen in 1862) similar to Portland cement.[7]. What was Juliet's last words before she died? However, the most important application is construction. [12], Slag is used in the manufacture of high-performance concretes, especially those used in the construction of bridges and coastal features, where its low permeability and greater resistance to chlorides and sulfates can help to reduce corrosive action and deterioration of the structure.[13]. A review of steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregate applied to cement concrete. It is hard to keep fragile glass intact for decades. This will take a long time, so be prepared to set aside an afternoon. Pamela has over 30 years of experience and has been writing for 20 years. Another early slag glass was the purple malachite glass by Sowerby, which was sold in the United States under the name "blackberries and cream." Slag glass is a type of opaque pressed glass that includes colorful streaks that create a marbled effect. Vintage slag glass is a lot more restrictive in color options than recently produced pieces are. Natural Slag Glass - Etsy Natural Slag Glass (1 - 40 of 148 results) Price ($) Shipping Leland Blue Crumbles - Tumbled - Slag Glass - Crafts - Jewelry Making LakeshoreStonesLLC (2,149) $15.00 AAA Whole lot for 3 pieces Top Blue Slag Copper Oval Cabochon | Natural Blue Slag Copper Cabochon | Blue Slag Copper Oval Stone PATILCREATION (60) If there are other, brightly-colored crystals or grains in the rock, it is probably not a meteorite, but many slag products do contain a variety of bright-colored crystals and fragments. Depending on the rarity of the item, slag glass is worth anywhere from $50 to $1500. Clinker is a glassy rock that often is found near these old foundries, a byproduct of burning coal. The base of slag glass is an opaque color, and the streaks are typically a milky white or cream color. 20 1/2" tall, along with an older metal and reverse glass painted lamp . Similarly, ferrous slags have been used as soil conditioners to rebalance soil pH and fertilizers as sources of calcium and magnesium. Ruby Red LLC is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Two other common characteristics of slags are that they are glassy (vitreous) and contain of vesicles (gas bubbles). Starting in the late 1800s and through the mid-1900s, both England and U.S. manufacturers were creating slag glass both with and with the use of iron slag. It's a human-made rock, but it's not a new technique. Slag glass producers mark their products with the companys initials or the companys logo. What Is Slag Glass? The lamps and shades often included intricate bronze and brass metalwork featuring scrolling floral, foliate, relief and decorative patterns. 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