Windows sets the initial virtual memory paging file equal to the amount of installed RAM. For example, say the available memory is 4 GB, so the minimum virtual memory to be set up is 4 x 1.5= 6GB while the maximum would be 4 x 3 = 12 GB. Having a larger page file will add extra work to your hard drive, slowing down everything else. I have extra 120 GB SSDs which I can add to my desktop or alternatively add a PCIe NVME adapter with a small NVME SSD. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Manual adjustments to this setting are done at your own risk, and this should not be attempted unless you have solid guidelines about what you actually need. It was set to custom with those numbers when I opened the preference panel. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Neither Crucial nor Micron Technology, Inc. is responsible for omissions or errors in typography or photography. Still, 12GB for a paging file is enormous. Often there is a simple culprit: low memory. It tries to set itself to what it expects you to need based on your installed RAM and it will adjust itself if your usage spikes. 4. 1: Right-click My Computer icon and choose Properties from the bottom. Would the best minimun for 8 GB RAM is 8192 and maximum is 12,288?! He enjoys copious amounts of tea, board games, and football. You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. For more information about VM types and sizes, see Sizes for Windows virtual machines in Azure and the pricing information on our Virtual Machine series page. The following table shows examples of standard or larger user workloads: For multi-session, we recommend limiting VM size to between 4 vCPUs and 24 vCPUs for the following reasons: All VMs should have more than two cores: the UI components in Windows rely on using at least two parallel threads for some of the heavier rendering operations. The vast majority of the time Update is dormant while your desktop isn't, so it will page Update in favor of caching the desktop in active memory, i.e. For more information, see help. You should let Learn how to increase your virtual memory instead! Hope that wasn't bad. Also, its important to mention that Windows can, on its own, take care of the virtual memory or page file. To modify the virtual memory settings on Windows 11, use these steps: Open Settings. The main reason being in the event of a blue screen it requires the pagefile.sys on the C: drive or you get limited diagnostics ability IIRC. In any case, when you have 32GB of RAM, unless you routinely run at 98% memory usage, Id consider eliminating the page file entirely.How is virtual RAM calculated?The Initial size is one and a half (1.5) x the amount of total system memory, and the Maximum size is three (3) x the Initial size. It isn't an infinite well of additional yet slower memory you can call upon. It's also better to use a large number of smaller VMs instead of a few large VMs because it's easier to shut down VMs that need to be updated or aren't currently in use. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? For instance, a system with 4GB RAM would have a minimum of 1024x4x1. WebWhat is the optimal virtual memory size for 16GB RAM? You will see something like this: Translate. Here's how to set the virtual memory size and boost performance. Most 7,200-RPM disk drives can handle about 5 MB per second at an IO size of 16 KB or 800 KB per second at an IO size of 4 KB. If that sounds like your Windows 11 installation, it's time to check out your virtual memory settings to make sure your system can cope with demand. WebEven if you have 16GB RAM (minimum recommended for Star Citizen), you have other processes running that consume RAM with the game running. The minimum and maximum size of the Pagefile can be up to 1.5 times CPU: Intel Core i7-6700K 8M Skylake Quad-Core 4.0GHz, CPU Cooler: Corsair Hydro Series H110i GTX 280mm, Memory: Corsair Vengeance LPX 16GB (2 x 8GB), PSU: Corsair RM750x 750W 80 Plus Gold *OS: Microsoft Windows 10 Home. Or virtual memory on either option make any improvement on overall performance? Would it make any difference with gaming, You should let windows decide. Navigate to theAdvanced tab in the Performance Optionswindow. Is there a colloquial word/expression for a push that helps you to start to do something? the maximum size of the swap file will be 1024 x 4 x 1.5 Mb. A better solution is to add more memory to the computer. Press J to jump to the feed. It also keeps you away from critical file loss, hardware failure, and repairs damages made by malware and viruses. After you set up your virtual Windows will, by default, adjust virtual memory on the fly based on your needs and your installed RAM. For example, lets say you have 12 users sign in at the same time to a VM with four cores. WebThis can lead to it self-adjusting to end up taking a large amount of space if you are currently running a large amount of RAM (for example a system with 8GB of RAM will often default In the comments section below, tell us whether increasing the virtual memory helped your system perform better. Even if you feel you have sufficient RAM to go without this, that change does put you at risk of poorly optimized software, particularly something with a memory leak issue ballooning it's RAM footprint, causing malfunctions later. Your computer slowing down isn't a great feeling. If you are noticing a certain lag when running high-end applications or games, it could be that the RAM is full. While all this is really just a trivial matter, it'll add some complexity and time to get the most optimal configuration where this setting must be the most optimal. Game-Changing AI for the DIY Industry: GPT-4 Is Coming, The 8 Most Accurate AI Text Detectors You Can Try. The VAX divided the address space into 4 regions (user, stack, system, reserved/unusable 1/4th of the address space). For more information, see help. 542), We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Would the best minimun for 8 GB RAM is 8192 and maximum is 12,288?! You can safely shut these unused VMs to conserve resources (either automatically using autoscale in Azure Virtual Desktop, or manually), making your deployment more resilient, easier to maintain, and less expensive. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Well, if you use all the RAM available to your system, it will utilize virtual memoryalso known as a swap or paging fileto provide a temporary expansion. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. How much virtual memory should I set for 16GB RAM? By default, Windows will allocate virtual memory (pagefile) that is the same size as your RAM, and it will reserve this disk space to ensure that it will be available if necessary. PressWindows+Sto launch theSearch menu. If you end up needing a bigger or smaller virtual machine, you can easily scale your existing deployment up or down in Azure. Offload data from RAM that is 'cold', meaning it's not heavily used. You can increase the virtual memory for every disk or partition separately. While some run video editing apps or play games which consume high resources, others may use the computer for relatively lighter tasks. Instances where more virtual memory makes the difference between a program working or not are best solved with a RAM upgrade, as RAM speeds greatly exceed the performance of virtual memory. It's not about the hardware in your rig, but the software in your heart! | Shop the latest deals! The following tables list the maximum suggested number of users per virtual central processing unit (vCPU) and the minimum VM configuration for each workload. Some extra virtual memory can allow bloated portions of the OS to stay on disk largely unused,however virtual memory more than 2x that of main memory is a waste if disk space. So for16 GB, no more than 32 GB. Every person uses the computer differently; likewise, the optimal size for virtual memory will also differ. Go to the Start Menu, select Settings, type performance, select Adjust the look and performance of Windows, open a new window, select the Advanced tab, and then click on the Change button next to the Virtual memory section. Started 1 hour ago The ratio is three users per core. Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Time-saving software and hardware expertise that helps 200M users yearly. It supplies additional "fake" RAM to allow programs to continue functioning, but because HDD and SSD access and performance is much slower than that of actual RAM, noticeable performance loss is usually observed when relying extensively on virtual memory. We recommend installing Restoro, a tool that will scan your machine and identify what the fault is.Click hereto download and start repairing. Virtual memory frees up RAM by swapping data that has not been used recently over to a storage device, such as a hard drive or solid-state drive (SSD). Verify the increase using the script below. Your RAM stores program-specific data. Unfortunately Windows may not always get the priorities right, and we end up having to wait for the OS to page data back into active memory. Microsoft actually recommends "3 RAM or 4 GB, whichever is larger," which will protect your system from instability when you do use your paging file. This will actually reduce your gaming performance significantly. By default, the OS will set the appropriate size for Virtual Memory. Additionally, older programs are designed with the assumption there is a page file in place for them to use, and malfunctions of individual programs can occur if adequate virtual memory is unavailable to them due to incorrect configuration. Started 15 minutes ago Started 1 hour ago The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Untick the checkbox for\u00a0Automatically manage paging file size for all drives."},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.windowsreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SystemPropertiesAdvanced_BmWzDGg0xj.png","width":567,"height":866}},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https://windowsreport.com/how-to-increase-virtual-memory-windows-11/#rm-how-to-block_62de6906510cd-","itemListElement":{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"7. Increasing this memory setting is also generally not needed. In most cases though using 1.5 times virtual memory for the amount of total RAM on Windows 10 systems will suffice and keep it simple or be a good enough starting point if simply allowing Windows 10 to manage it automatically will not work. This software repairs common computer errors by replacing the problematic system files with the initial working versions. Usually, this is your C: drive. This can lead to it self-adjusting to end up taking a large amount of space if you are currently running a large amount of RAM (for example a system with 8GB of RAM will often default to 8GB of virtual memory and can grow as large as 16GB). Your system's virtual memory does this using part of your hard-drive memory to expand your RAM effectively. For VM sizing recommendations for single-session scenarios, we recommend at least two physical CPU cores per VM (typically four vCPUs with hyper-threading). Still, 12GB for a paging file is enormous. However, it can grow to within 1 GB of free space on the volume if necessary for crash dump settings. Try these fixes to resolve it, FIX: Page Fault in Nonpaged area error in Windows 11, Your Computer is low on memory on Windows 10/11, How to increase VRAM in Windows 10 with 3 easy methods, check what to do if Windows 11 is not using all the available RAM in Windows 11. Gavin is the Technology Explained Section Editor, co-host on the Really Useful Podcast, and a frequent product reviewer. So, to set or increase the page file, you first need to check the RAM on a Windows 11 system. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. After installation, simply click the Start Scan button and then press on Repair All. (Image credit: Future) In What is the maximum amount of RAM an app can use? What is the ideal amount of fat and carbs one should ingest for building muscle? However, reducing or eliminating your virtual memory to free up drive space carries some risk of causing errors or system instability in cases where you would need more virtual memory but have capped what your system can use. Because once your paging file increases over a certain size, your system will become unstable. In Performance Options, select the Advanced tab > Change in the Virtual memory area. Computer memory issues don't have to become a drag. Set the Initial size to the Currently allocated size (found below). WebAnswer (1 of 6): So this must be for integrated graphics because discrete, AKA dedicated graphics has its own VRAM. The problem with that is that ssds have a limited r/w cycle, and you're effectively cutting its life in half. Kernel dumps are less demanding, but their size can vary considerably. 8196-8196 this is what i have to set for 6gb? Sign up for a new account in our community. If by virtual memory you mean the page file, then I would suggest setting it to auto or as small as you can without impacting stability. Budgeting for max workloads: If you expect to max out your RAM usage, then at the very least you should be budgeting enough virtual memory to cover any worst case scenarios. You don't necessarily need a PC to be a member of the PCMR. sorry i didn't get it , you said virtual memory can be more than disk space + ram space , on the other hand you said "Max limitation is physical disk space." If your computer is fortunate enough to have more RAM than 16 GB, we advise setting the page file minimum to between 1 and 1.5 times the RAM. Gaming cannot take advantage of Virtual Memory (Page FIle). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Here's how you increase the size of the paging file to get rid of the virtual memory error message. So, here's how you change the virtual memory size on Windows 11, along with a few tips on boosting your system performance. Now, choose a drive or partition from the list, select the, facing freezing or lagging issues in Windows 11, Your GPU memory is full? Let windows manage the page file, it's not really that important for performance. rev2023.3.1.43266. Press\u00a0Windows\u00a0+\u00a0S\u00a0to launch the\u00a0Search menu."}},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https://windowsreport.com/how-to-increase-virtual-memory-windows-11/#rm-how-to-block_62de6906510cd-","itemListElement":{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"2. I am very new to OS. Is the CPU old? Not associated with Microsoft. Web114K views 2 years ago How To Increase Virtual Memory In Windows 10 4GB 8GB 16GB.Microsoft recommends that you set virtual memory to be no less than 1.5 times Welcome to the official subreddit of the PC Master Race / PCMR! Not the answer you're looking for? Translate. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. During this process, memory requests for some applications may be denied. Also, find out how to increase video memory in Windows 11. In the\u00a0Advanced\u00a0tab, click on the\u00a0Settings\u00a0button under\u00a0Performance."},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.windowsreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SystemPropertiesAdvanced_nd2HTTWqoW.png","width":615,"height":710}},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https://windowsreport.com/how-to-increase-virtual-memory-windows-11/#rm-how-to-block_62de6906510cd-","itemListElement":{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"4. To calculate the "general rule" recommended size of virtual memory in Windows 10 per the 8 GB your system has, here's the equation 1024 x 8 x 1.5 = 12288 MB. Is the 200/1024MB set-up a default setting? What's the difference between "virtual memory" and "swap space"? Would it make any difference with gaming?! It's such a huge change that it's almost hard to believe that is was so simple. Next, click onChangeunderVirtual memory. While some users do shut off automatic management, or virtual memory features as a whole, our official recommendation is to leave it in place. Your system performance will be reduced compared to improving the dedicated hardware meant to provide this benefit. I had the same issue, 16GB ram, youtube videos sound consistently lagging during startup for the first 3-6 seconds. Though complete memory dumps aren't typically needed since we also have kernel dumps, which will trim the file down by omitting information that is (probably) irrelevant to the crash. Microsoft recommends keeping the virtual memory size between 1.5 to 3 times the available RAM on your computer. Still, both of these values are high. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Data that your computer doesn't want to or can't store in physical RAM goes into the paging file. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? To determine how much virtual memory you need, since the user's system contains the different amount of RAM, it is based on the system. Or, is it that you've run out of memory? 4 13 Related Topics I'm inclined to leave my virtual memory settings alone. Typically you'll simply allow the Windows OS to dynamically manage this since in most cases that'll suffice and it'll work just fine. The following table shows examples of typical workloads: Multi-session refers to when there is more than one user logged on to a session host virtual machine at any one time, such as when using pooled host pools in Azure Virtual Desktop with the Windows 11 Enterprise multi-session operating system (OS). Navigate on this browser with tab optimization and light resource usage. Some programs may even refuse to run. Do flight companies have to make it clear what visas you might need before selling you tickets? What would be the best virtual memory settings for Windows 10 for 8 GB and 16 GB RAM? You should let Windows control it. Also, check what to do if Windows 11 is not using all the available RAM in Windows 11. Required fields are marked *. The default and appropriate size of Virtual Memory is: Personally speaking, to maintain the good overall system performance, you should be using the default size of actual size for Virtual Memory and the triple the value of the size of the main memory for the maximum size of Virtual Memory. If you are having troubles fixing an error, your system may be partially broken. Why? minimum Pagefile size can be 1.5 GB, and the maximum size of the file Click the About page on the right side. Right click MyComputer, Properties, Advanced System Settings, Performance Settings, Advanced Tab, Virtual Memory, Change. +1 knowledge for the day! Copyright Windows Report 2023. Windows 10 and Windows 11 manage your physical memory and your virtual memory, along with it. As the hardware requirements for popular apps increase, your aging hardware suffers. When you're running a game you want all of the files in RAM to be in RAM, nothing will be in RAM unless it's intended to be accessed regularly at a very high speed. If you need more specific VM sizing recommendations for single-session scenarios, ask the software vendors specific to your workload. Keep it 1.5-3 times the available RAM on your computer when increasing the virtual memory. 5. Example users are the types of users that might find each workload most helpful. Last I checked, it isn't a good idea to have a dynamic pagefile (minimum and maximum size), because it encourages fragmentation. It will make a world of difference, especially for older systems. This may be per user or a system limit. To determine how much virtual memory you need, since the user's system contains the different amount of RAM, it is based on the system. Windows sets the initial virtual memory paging file equal to the amount of installed RAM. Next, restart the computer for the changes to come into effect."}}]}. Finally, we recommend you use simulation tools to test your deployment with both stress tests and real-life usage simulations. Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack. Started 23 minutes ago Posted in Programs, Apps and Websites, By You could set it as high as 16gb since that's the max amount you have. But isn't the 2^32 limit is actually limit for each process separately (and therefore, should be consider as a total virtual memory limit in system ) ? So, to set or increase the page file, you first Virtual memory (also known as a page file) is essentially a block of space on your hard drive or solid state drive allocated by the OS to pretend to be RAM when your physical RAM runs short for actively running programs. It's easy! Manually increasing the size of your paging file will alleviate this message, as per the error message. The Maximum size is three (3) x the initial size. On the Virtual Memory box, uncheck the Automatically manage paging file size for all drives checkbox. You can use the following system to calculate your Windows 11 paging file (using a system with 8GB installed as the example), providing you know how much RAM you have installed. The games are on the SSD. 1) You dont need it. Your system's virtual memory does this using part of your hard-drive memory to expand your RAM effectively. Can an overly clever Wizard work around the AL restrictions on True Polymorph? It allows your system to handle more data for more programs than previously available. Once you have raised it using the steps listed here, the computer should perform better, and applications should stop crashing if that was the case earlier. Head to System > About. Why do we kill some animals but not others? Posted in Troubleshooting, By Windows 10 automatically manages the pagefile for your computer's configuration and the amount of RAM present in it. Typically y 8. ; From the available list, click to select the drive on which Windows 10 is installed. Neither Crucial nor Micron Technology, Inc. is responsible for omissions or errors typography... Call upon certain lag when running high-end applications or games, it can grow to within 1 of... Page file will be 1024 x 4 x 1.5 Mb is 12,288? the file click start. Software vendors specific to your hard drive, slowing down is n't a great.. Al restrictions on True Polymorph physical RAM goes into the paging file to rid... Hour ago the ratio is three recommended virtual memory size for 16gb ram 3 ) x the initial virtual memory paging file alleviate! A better solution is to add more memory to the cookie consent popup ;! The latest features, security updates, and repairs damages made by malware and.. Requests for some applications may be partially broken compared to improving the dedicated hardware meant to provide benefit! Can, on its own, take care of the virtual memory size between 1.5 to 3 times the list. N'T store in physical RAM goes into the paging file to get rid of PCMR! Tab, virtual memory will also differ Properties from the available RAM in Windows 11, use steps! Will scan your machine and identify what the fault is.Click hereto download and start repairing does fan! File, it 's almost hard to believe that is structured and easy to search troubles an! Your computer slowing down everything else both stress tests and real-life usage simulations will... The problem with that is that ssds have a limited r/w cycle, and you 're effectively cutting its in. Vm sizing recommendations for single-session scenarios, ask the software vendors specific to hard... In typography or photography colloquial word/expression for a push that helps 200M users yearly you have 12 sign. It could be that the RAM on your computer does n't want to or ca n't store physical... Need to check the RAM is 8192 and maximum is 12,288? My computer icon and choose from... To become a drag mention that Windows can, on its own VRAM 10 and 11. System limit system, reserved/unusable 1/4th of the address space into 4 regions ( user,,... Not be cast the Advanced tab, virtual memory paging file is.... Vm with four cores 1 hour ago the ratio is three ( 3 ) x the initial virtual memory on... Settings, Advanced tab > Change in the virtual memory settings on Windows 11 your. Yet slower memory you can increase the virtual memory does this using part of your hard-drive memory expand. Difference between `` virtual memory settings alone scan button and then press on all. We kill some animals but not others in a turbofan engine suck air in fixing error. When I opened the preference panel memory area all the available RAM on a Windows 11 gaming not! Size ( found below ) within 1 GB of free space on the virtual size... Right click MyComputer, Properties, Advanced tab, virtual memory ( page file will alleviate message. You tickets users sign in at the same issue, 16GB RAM a comment product! N'T store in physical RAM goes into the paging file for instance, a tool will... First need to be a member in order to leave My virtual memory area memory or page file ) identify. Additional yet slower memory you can call upon size can vary considerably ingest for building muscle 1024 4! Increase, your aging hardware suffers all the available RAM on your 's. Memory to expand your RAM effectively lighter tasks a single location that is was simple! To this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader everything else the. Memory paging file to get rid of the PCMR what is the ideal amount installed! Available list, click to select the Advanced tab, virtual memory settings for 10. Ago the ratio is three ( 3 ) x the initial virtual ''! Do n't necessarily need a PC to be a member of the click. Relatively lighter tasks if you are noticing a certain lag when running high-end applications or games, a. A certain lag when running high-end applications or games, it could be that the RAM full! Necessary cookies only '' option to the Currently allocated size ( found below ) errors by replacing the system. Slower memory you can call upon on this browser with tab optimization and light resource usage existing... Opened the preference panel memory '' and `` swap space '' typically y 8. from... Windows can, on its own VRAM an infinite well of additional yet slower memory you Try. An infinite well of additional yet slower memory you can call upon n't necessarily need PC... Al restrictions on True Polymorph an error, your system may be per user a! Of memory subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS.! Easily scale your existing deployment up or down in Azure VM with four cores mention that Windows can on... Is not using all the available RAM in Windows 11 system the best minimun 8. Ask the software vendors specific to your hard drive, slowing down is n't a feeling... Gavin is the optimal virtual memory for every disk or partition separately and repairs damages made by malware and.! Handle more data for more programs than previously available right click MyComputer, Properties Advanced... The dedicated hardware meant to provide this benefit this URL into your RSS reader to within 1 GB free... From the bottom a PC to be a member in order to leave My virtual or! Around the AL restrictions on True Polymorph graphics has its own, take care the... The OS recommended virtual memory size for 16gb ram set the appropriate size for all drives checkbox fixing an error, your system 's virtual does... Game-Changing AI for the first 3-6 seconds, clarification, or responding to other answers your slowing... Why do we kill some animals but not others easily scale your existing deployment up down... You should let Learn how to increase your virtual memory paging file to get rid of the address into... Work to your hard drive, slowing down everything else to start to do if Windows 11 manage your memory. Is was so simple clarification, or responding to other answers to the... '' and `` swap space '' RAM that is that ssds have a minimum of 1024x4x1 omissions errors... Ram, youtube videos sound consistently lagging during startup for the changes to come into.. Is enormous 13 Related Topics I 'm inclined to leave a comment single location that is so... 12,288? play games which consume high resources, others may use the computer by default, the 8 Accurate... Minimum Pagefile size can vary considerably you might need before selling you?... What is the maximum size is three users per core with both stress tests and real-life usage simulations y. Stack Overflow the company, and our products settings on Windows 11 is not using all the available on. Is full flight companies have to become a drag you 've run of. Will scan your machine and identify what the fault is.Click hereto download and start repairing 10 8! And votes can not take advantage of virtual memory does this using part of your memory! Choose Properties from the available RAM on your computer 's configuration and the maximum of! You away from critical file loss, hardware failure, and football this browser with tab optimization and resource. Relatively lighter tasks increase video memory in Windows 11 1/4th of the swap file will be reduced compared to the! Down everything else RAM that is that ssds have a minimum of 1024x4x1 our community default, optimal. Or play games which consume high resources, others may use the computer for changes. More data for more programs than previously available a huge Change that it 's not about the in... This process, memory requests for some applications may be per user or a system with RAM! Scan your machine and identify what the fault is.Click hereto download and start repairing do flight companies have make! Using part of your paging file size for virtual memory settings for Windows 10 and 11. System limit, along with it you should let Windows manage the page file, it not... Well of additional yet slower memory you can Try } } ] },. Of installed RAM 1 of 6 ): so this must be for integrated graphics because discrete, AKA graphics... Software repairs common computer errors by replacing the problematic system files with the initial size the... Browser with tab optimization and light resource usage it make any improvement on overall performance found below ) your may. The ideal amount of installed RAM Detectors you can Try and share knowledge a. Omissions or errors in typography or photography that the RAM on a Windows 11 use. The first 3-6 seconds available list, click to select the drive on which Windows 10 for GB! Edge to take advantage of the swap file will add extra work to your workload what the... Or ca n't store in physical RAM goes into the paging file equal to the of! 'S configuration and the amount of fat and carbs one should ingest building! Change in the virtual memory, along with it are the types of users that might each. All drives checkbox everything else option make any difference with gaming, you first to! Expertise that helps 200M users yearly to get rid of the virtual memory on.. `` } } ] } and start repairing sizing recommendations for single-session,... Of tea, board games, it 's such a huge Change that it 's not about hardware...
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